What types of weather conditions must pilots be aware of before flying?

Pilots need to have a thorough understanding of weather conditions such as thunderstorms and turbulence before flying because these factors can significantly impact the safety and comfort of a flight. Thunderstorms can create severe turbulence, lightning, and wind shear, all of which pose risks during both takeoff and landing as well as during the cruise phase. Moreover, pilots must prepare for changes in weather that could lead to flight diversions or delays, as well as the potential need for in-flight adjustments to maintain safety.

Being aware of turbulence is equally crucial, as it can affect the aircraft's handling and passengers’ comfort. Recognizing the weather patterns that may lead to turbulence helps pilots make informed decisions about flight routes and altitude, enhancing the overall safety of the flight.

While geographical features, airport operational hours, and passenger preferences may play roles in flight planning, they do not directly relate to the immediate hazards that weather conditions present, making the comprehension of weather phenomena essential for pilots.