What protocol is outlined in the FOM for landing without visual reference?

The protocol outlined in the Flight Operations Manual (FOM) for landing without visual reference emphasizes adherence to specific procedures that necessitate reliance on instruments. In situations where pilots cannot maintain a visual reference due to poor weather conditions, reduced visibility, or other factors, they are trained to use their instruments to guide the aircraft for a safe landing. This reliance on instruments ensures that pilots are following established guidelines and safety protocols that have been proven to be effective in managing such situations.

Utilizing instruments during a landing without visual cues is critical because it allows pilots to maintain control of the aircraft and to accurately gauge altitude, airspeed, and approach angle, which are essential for a safe landing. This method aligns with aviation safety standards, minimizing risks associated with visual landings when visibility is compromised.

While visual aids from the runway may be helpful in good weather conditions, they are not reliable or available in situations lacking visual reference. Relying solely on experience does not provide the systematic approach needed for instrument-based landings and can lead to errors. Immediately attempting a go-around may not address the underlying challenge of the lack of visual reference and can also lead to unnecessary risk if not executed correctly according to established protocols.