What are the critical phases of flight as defined by the FOM?

The critical phases of flight, as defined by the Flight Operations Manual (FOM), encompass all ground operations, takeoff, and landing. This definition is significant because these phases represent the times when the aircraft is most vulnerable to incidents or accidents. Ground operations include taxiing to and from the runway, which requires heightened awareness and coordination among crew members. During takeoff and landing, the aircraft is undergoing significant changes in speed, altitude, and configuration, making it crucial to have focused attention and adherence to safety protocols.

Understanding these phases helps flight crew maintain a higher level of vigilance and ensure that all procedures are executed correctly to mitigate risks effectively. This is why the inclusion of all ground operations, along with takeoff and landing, is essential in defining the critical phases of flight.